Soal Latihan dan Jawaban Reading Comprehension 89

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• 27 March, 2012
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Under certain circumstance the human body must cope with gases at greater-than

normal atmospheric pressure. For example, gas pressures increase rapidly during a dive

made with scuba gear because the breathing equipment allows divers to stay

underwater longer and dive deeper. The pressure exerted on the human body increases

(5)      by 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters of depth in seawater, so that at 30 meters in

seawater a diver is exposed to a pressure of about 4 atmospheres. The pressure of the

gases being breathed must equal the external pressure applied to the body; otherwise

breathing is very difficult. Therefore all of the gases in the air breathed by a scuba

diver at 40 meters are present at five times their usual pressure. Nitrogen which

(10)    composes 80 percent of the air we breathe usually causes a balmy feeling of

well-being at this pressure. At a depth of 5 atmospheres nitrogen causes symptoms

resembling alcohol intoxication known as nitrogen narcosis. Nitrogen narcosis

apparently results from a direct effect on the brain of the large amounts of nitrogen

dissolved in the blood. Deep dives are less dangerous if helium is substituted for

(15)    nitrogen, because under these pressures helium does not exert a similar narcotic effect.

As a scuba diver descends, the pressure of nitrogen in the lungs increases. Nitrogen

then diffuses from the lungs to the blood and from the blood to body tissues. The

reverse occurs when the diver surfaces; the nitrogen pressure in the lungs falls and the

nitrogen diffuses from the tissues into the blood and from the blood into the lungs. If

(20)    the return to the surface is too rapid, nitrogen in the tissues and blood cannot diffuse

out rapidly enough and nitrogen bubbles are formed . They can cause severe pains,

particularly around the joints.

Another complication may result if the breath is held during ascent. During ascent

from a depth of 10 meters, the volume of air in the lungs will double because the air

(25)    pressure at the surface is only half of what it was at 10 meters. This change in volume

may cause the lungs to distend and even rupture. This condition is called air embolism.

To avoid this event, a diver must ascent slowly, never at a rate exceeding the rise of

the exhaled air bubbles, and must exhale during ascent.

Reading Comprehension 89

Question 1

What does the passage mainly discuss?

	The equipment divers use
	How to prepare for a deep dive
	The effects of pressure on gases in the human body
	The symptoms of nitrogen bubbles in the bloodstream.

Question 2

The word "exposed to" in line 6 are closest in meaning to

	propelled by
	subjected to
	leaving behind
	prepared for

Question 3

The word "exert" in line 15 is closest in meaning to

	change
	cause
	need
	permit

Question 4

The word "diffuses" in line 19 is closest in meaning to

	surfaces
	starts
	travels
	yields

Question 5

What happens to nitrogen in body tissues if a diver ascends too quickly.

	It forms bubbles
	It is reabsorbed by the lungs
	It goes directly to the brain
	It has a narcotic effect

Question 6

The word "They" in line 21 refers to

	pains
	bubbles
	joints
	tissues

Question 7

The word "rupture" in line 26 is closest in meaning to

	burst
	stop
	shrink
	hurt

Question 8

It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following presents the greatest danger to a diver?

	Nitrogen bubbles
	Pressurized helium
	Nitrogen diffusion
	An air embolism

Question 9

What should a diver do when ascending?

	Breathe faster
	Breathe helium
	Rise slowly
	Relax completely

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