Soal Latihan dan Jawaban Reading Comprehension 90

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• 27 March, 2012
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Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspectives

on the function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself. The invention of the

visible-light microscope late in the sixteenth century introduced a previously unknown

realm of single-celled plants and animals. In the twentieth century, electron microscopes

(5)      have provided direct views of viruses and minuscule surface structures. Now another

type of microscope, one that utilize x-rays rather than light or electrons, offers a

different way of examining tiny details, it should extend human perception still farther

into the natural world.

The dream of building an x-ray microscope dates to 1895, its development, however,

(10)    was virtually halted in the 1940′s because the development of the electron microscope

was progressing rapidly. During the 1940′s electron microscopes routinely achieved

resolution better than that possible with a visible-light microscope, while the

performance of x-ray microscopes resisted improvement. In recent years, however,

interest in x-ray microscopes has revived, largely because of advances such as the

(15)    development of new sources of x-ray illumination. As a result, the brightness available

today is millions of times that of x-ray tubes, which, for most of the century, were the

only available sources of soft x-rays.

The new x-ray microscopes considerably improve on the resolution provided by optical

microscopes. They can also be used to map the distribution of certain chemical elements.

(20)    Some can form pictures in extremely short times, others hold the promise of special

capabilities such as three dimensional imaging. Unlike conventional electron microscopy,

x-ray microscopy enables specimens to be kept in air and in water, which means that

biological samples can be studied under conditions similar to their natural state. The

illumination used, so-called soft x-rays in the wavelength range of twenty to forty

(25)    angstroms (an angstrom is one ten-billionth of a meter), is also sufficiently penetrating

to image intact biological cells in many cases. Because of the wavelength of the x-rays

used, soft x-ray microscopes will never match the highest resolution possible with

electron microscopes. Rather, their special properties will make possible investigations

that will complement those performed with light- and electron-based instruments.

Reading Comprehension 90

Question 1

What does the passage mainly discuss?

	The detail seen through a microscope
	Sources of illumination for microscopes
	A new kind of microscope
	Outdated microscopic technique

Question 2

According to the passage, the invention of the visible-light microscope allowed scientists to

	understand more about the distribution of the chemical elements
	develop the electron microscope later on
	discover single celled plants and animals they had never seen before.
	see viruses directly

Question 3

The word "minuscule" in line 5 is closest in meaning to

	circular
	tiny
	complex
	dangerous

Question 4

The word "it" in line 7 refers to

	a type of microscope
	human perception
	light
	the natural world

Question 5

Why does the another mention me visible light microscope in the first paragraph?

	To show how limited its uses are
	To put the x-ray microscope in historical perspective
	To begin a discussion of sixteenth century discoveries.
	To explain how it functioned

Question 6

Why did it take so long to develop the x-ray microscope?

	Materials used to manufacture x-ray tubes were difficult to obtain
	X-ray microscopes were too complicated to operate.
	The source of illumination was not bright enough until recently.
	Funds for research were insufficient.

Question 7

The word "enables" in line 32 is closest in meaning to

	specifies
	constitutes
	expands
	allows

Question 8

The word "Rather" in line 28 is closest in meaning to

	significantly
	somewhat
	preferably
	instead

Question 9

The word "those" in line 29 refers to

	properties
	x-rays
	investigations
	microscopes

Question 10

Based on the information in the passage, what can be inferred about x-ray microscopes in the future?

	They will provide information not available from other kinds of microscopes.
	They will eventually change the illumination range that they now use.
	They will probably replace electron microscopes altogether.
	They will eventually be much cheaper to produce than they are now.

Once you are finished, click the button below. Any items you have not completed will be marked incorrect.

There are 10 questions to complete.

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