Soal Latihan dan Jawaban Reading Comprehension 84

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• 27 March, 2012
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Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only

in season. Drying, smoking, and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the

availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited; there was no way to

prevent spoilage. But in 1810 a French inventor named Nicolas Appert developed the

(5)      cooking-and-sealing process of canning. And in the 1850′s an American named Gail

Borden developed a means of condensing and preserving milk. Canned goods and

condensed milk became more common during the 1860′s, but supplies remained low

because cans had to be made by hand. By 1880, however, inventors had fashioned

stamping and soldering machines that mass-produced cans from tinplate. Suddenly all

(10)    kinds of food could be preserved and bought at all times of the year.

Other trends and inventions had also helped make it possible for Americans to vary

their daily diets. Growing urban populations created demand that encouraged fruit and

vegetable farmers to raise more produce. Railroad refrigerator cars enabled growers

and meat packers to ship perishables great distances and to preserve them for longer

(15)    periods. Thus, by the 1890′s, northern city dwellers could enjoy southern and western

strawberries, grapes, and tomatoes, previously available for a month at most, for up to

six months of the year. In addition, increased use of iceboxes enabled families to store

perishables. An easy means of producing ice commercially had been invented in the

1870′s, and by 1900 the nation had more than two thousand commercial ice plants,

(20)    most of which made home deliveries. The icebox became a fixture in most homes and

remained so until the mechanized refrigerator replaced it in the 1920′s and 1930′s.

Almost everyone now had a more diversified diet. Some people continued to eat

mainly foods that were heavy in starches or carbohydrates, and not everyone could

afford meat. Nevertheless, many families could take advantage of previously

(25)    unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy products to achieve more varied fare.

Reading Comprehension 84

Question 1

What does the passage mainly discuss?

	Inventions that led to changes in the American diet.
	Commercial production of ice
	Causes of food spoilage.
	Population movements in the nineteenth century.

Question 2

The phrase "in season" in line 2 refers to

	an official schedule
	a kind of weather
	a particular time of year
	a method of flavoring food.

Question 3

The word "prevent" in line 4 is closest in meaning to

	avoid
	estimate
	confine
	correct

Question 4

During the 1860's, canned food products were

	shipped in refrigerator cars
	unavailable in rural areas
	available in limited quantities.
	A staple part of the American diet.

Question 5

It can be inferred that railroad refrigerator cars came into use

	before 1860
	after 1920
	after 1900
	before 1890

Question 6

The word "them" in line 14 refers to

	perishables
	growers
	distances
	refrigerator cars

Question 7

The word "fixture" in line 20 is closest in meaning to

	commonplace object
	luxury item
	substance
	mechanical device

Question 8

The author implies that in the 1920's and 1930's home deliveries of ice

	decreased in number
	occurred only in the summer.
	increased in cost
	were on an irregular schedule

Question 9

The word "Nevertheless" in line 24 is closest in meaning to

	therefore
	because
	occasionally
	however

Question 10

Which of the following types of food preservation was NOT mentioned in the passage?

	Chemical additives.
	Canning
	Cold storage
	Drying

Question 11

Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?

	People who lived in cities demanded home delivery of foods.
	Tin cans and iceboxes helped to make many foods more widely available.
	Commercial ice factories were developed by railroad owners
	Most farmers in the United States raised only fruits and vegetables.

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